Web API privada Zero Trust con PostgreSQL sin contraseñas

# Web API privada Zero Trust — Azure
#
# Container Apps en un environment interno (ILB) con identidad administrada,
# conectándose por Private Endpoint a PostgreSQL Flexible Server que solo
# acepta autenticación Entra ID (sin contraseñas).

data "azurerm_client_config" "current" {}

resource "azurerm_resource_group" "this" {
  name     = "rg-${var.name}"
  location = var.location
  tags     = var.tags
}

# --- Red ----------------------------------------------------------------------

resource "azurerm_virtual_network" "this" {
  name                = "vnet-${var.name}"
  resource_group_name = azurerm_resource_group.this.name
  location            = azurerm_resource_group.this.location
  address_space       = [var.vnet_address_space]
  tags                = var.tags
}

# Dedicada al environment y delegada (gotcha: aca-subnet-sizing).
resource "azurerm_subnet" "aca" {
  name                 = "snet-aca"
  resource_group_name  = azurerm_resource_group.this.name
  virtual_network_name = azurerm_virtual_network.this.name
  address_prefixes     = [var.aca_subnet_prefix]

  delegation {
    name = "aca"
    service_delegation {
      name    = "Microsoft.App/environments"
      actions = ["Microsoft.Network/virtualNetworks/subnets/join/action"]
    }
  }
}

resource "azurerm_subnet" "endpoints" {
  name                 = "snet-private-endpoints"
  resource_group_name  = azurerm_resource_group.this.name
  virtual_network_name = azurerm_virtual_network.this.name
  address_prefixes     = [var.endpoints_subnet_prefix]
}

resource "azurerm_network_security_group" "this" {
  for_each            = { aca = azurerm_subnet.aca.id, endpoints = azurerm_subnet.endpoints.id }
  name                = "nsg-${var.name}-${each.key}"
  resource_group_name = azurerm_resource_group.this.name
  location            = azurerm_resource_group.this.location
  tags                = var.tags
}

resource "azurerm_subnet_network_security_group_association" "this" {
  for_each                  = { aca = azurerm_subnet.aca.id, endpoints = azurerm_subnet.endpoints.id }
  subnet_id                 = each.value
  network_security_group_id = azurerm_network_security_group.this[each.key].id
}

# --- Container Apps (environment interno) -------------------------------------

resource "azurerm_container_app_environment" "this" {
  name                           = "cae-${var.name}"
  resource_group_name            = azurerm_resource_group.this.name
  location                       = azurerm_resource_group.this.location
  infrastructure_subnet_id       = azurerm_subnet.aca.id
  internal_load_balancer_enabled = true

  workload_profile {
    name                  = "Consumption"
    workload_profile_type = "Consumption"
  }

  tags = var.tags

  depends_on = [azurerm_subnet_network_security_group_association.this]
}

# Sin esta zona nadie resuelve <app>.<default_domain> (gotcha: aca-internal-needs-private-dns).
resource "azurerm_private_dns_zone" "aca" {
  name                = azurerm_container_app_environment.this.default_domain
  resource_group_name = azurerm_resource_group.this.name
  tags                = var.tags
}

resource "azurerm_private_dns_a_record" "aca" {
  for_each            = toset(["*", "@"])
  name                = each.key
  private_dns_zone_id = azurerm_private_dns_zone.aca.id
  ttl                 = 300
  records             = [azurerm_container_app_environment.this.static_ip_address]
}

resource "azurerm_private_dns_zone_virtual_network_link" "aca" {
  name                 = "link-${var.name}-aca"
  private_dns_zone_id  = azurerm_private_dns_zone.aca.id
  virtual_network_id   = azurerm_virtual_network.this.id
  registration_enabled = false
  tags                 = var.tags
}

resource "azurerm_user_assigned_identity" "api" {
  name                = "id-${var.name}-api"
  resource_group_name = azurerm_resource_group.this.name
  location            = azurerm_resource_group.this.location
  tags                = var.tags
}

resource "azurerm_container_app" "api" {
  name                         = "ca-${var.name}-api"
  resource_group_name          = azurerm_resource_group.this.name
  container_app_environment_id = azurerm_container_app_environment.this.id
  revision_mode                = "Single"
  workload_profile_name        = "Consumption"

  identity {
    type         = "UserAssigned"
    identity_ids = [azurerm_user_assigned_identity.api.id]
  }

  ingress {
    # En un environment interno, external_enabled = true significa "toda la VNet";
    # false limita el acceso a otras apps del mismo environment.
    external_enabled           = true
    target_port                = var.container_port
    allow_insecure_connections = false

    traffic_weight {
      latest_revision = true
      percentage      = 100
    }
  }

  template {
    min_replicas = 0
    max_replicas = var.max_replicas

    container {
      name   = "api"
      image  = var.container_image
      cpu    = 0.25
      memory = "0.5Gi"

      # Sin contraseña: la app pide un token para ossrdbms-aad con esta identidad
      # (gotcha: pg-entra-token-resource).
      env {
        name  = "AZURE_CLIENT_ID"
        value = azurerm_user_assigned_identity.api.client_id
      }
      env {
        name  = "PGHOST"
        value = azurerm_postgresql_flexible_server.this.fqdn
      }
      env {
        name  = "PGUSER"
        value = azurerm_user_assigned_identity.api.name
      }
      env {
        name  = "PGDATABASE"
        value = var.database_name
      }
      env {
        name  = "PGSSLMODE"
        value = "require"
      }
    }
  }

  tags = var.tags
}

# --- PostgreSQL (solo Entra ID, sin acceso público) ---------------------------

resource "azurerm_postgresql_flexible_server" "this" {
  #checkov:skip=CKV_AZURE_136:Backup geo-redundante opcional; duplica costo de backup. Activar en producción crítica.
  name                          = var.postgres_server_name
  resource_group_name           = azurerm_resource_group.this.name
  location                      = azurerm_resource_group.this.location
  version                       = "17"
  sku_name                      = var.postgres_sku
  storage_mb                    = 32768
  backup_retention_days         = 7
  geo_redundant_backup_enabled  = false
  public_network_access_enabled = false

  # Modo "acceso público" + Private Endpoint: no se puede cambiar después
  # (gotcha: pg-network-mode-is-permanent).
  authentication {
    active_directory_auth_enabled = true
    password_auth_enabled         = false
    tenant_id                     = data.azurerm_client_config.current.tenant_id
  }

  tags = var.tags

  lifecycle {
    ignore_changes = [zone]
  }
}

resource "azurerm_postgresql_flexible_server_active_directory_administrator" "this" {
  server_name         = azurerm_postgresql_flexible_server.this.name
  resource_group_name = azurerm_resource_group.this.name
  tenant_id           = data.azurerm_client_config.current.tenant_id
  object_id           = var.entra_admin.object_id
  principal_name      = var.entra_admin.principal_name
  principal_type      = var.entra_admin.principal_type
}

resource "azurerm_postgresql_flexible_server_database" "app" {
  name      = var.database_name
  server_id = azurerm_postgresql_flexible_server.this.id
  collation = "en_US.utf8"
  charset   = "UTF8"
}

resource "azurerm_private_dns_zone" "postgres" {
  name                = "privatelink.postgres.database.azure.com"
  resource_group_name = azurerm_resource_group.this.name
  tags                = var.tags
}

resource "azurerm_private_dns_zone_virtual_network_link" "postgres" {
  name                 = "link-${var.name}-postgres"
  private_dns_zone_id  = azurerm_private_dns_zone.postgres.id
  virtual_network_id   = azurerm_virtual_network.this.id
  registration_enabled = false
  tags                 = var.tags
}

resource "azurerm_private_endpoint" "postgres" {
  name                = "pe-${var.name}-postgres"
  resource_group_name = azurerm_resource_group.this.name
  location            = azurerm_resource_group.this.location
  subnet_id           = azurerm_subnet.endpoints.id

  private_service_connection {
    name                           = "psc-${var.name}-postgres"
    private_connection_resource_id = azurerm_postgresql_flexible_server.this.id
    subresource_names              = ["postgresqlServer"]
    is_manual_connection           = false
  }

  private_dns_zone_group {
    name                 = "default"
    private_dns_zone_ids = [azurerm_private_dns_zone.postgres.id]
  }

  tags = var.tags
}

variable "name" {
  description = "Prefijo para nombrar los recursos (ej. \"api-demo\")."
  type        = string

  validation {
    condition     = can(regex("^[a-z0-9-]{3,20}$", var.name))
    error_message = "name: 3-20 caracteres, minúsculas, números o guiones."
  }
}

variable "location" {
  description = "Región de Azure."
  type        = string
  default     = "eastus2"
}

variable "postgres_server_name" {
  description = "Nombre global único del servidor PostgreSQL (3-63, minúsculas, números y guiones)."
  type        = string

  validation {
    condition     = can(regex("^[a-z0-9][a-z0-9-]{1,61}[a-z0-9]$", var.postgres_server_name))
    error_message = "postgres_server_name: 3-63 caracteres, minúsculas, números o guiones."
  }
}

variable "postgres_sku" {
  description = "SKU de PostgreSQL Flexible Server."
  type        = string
  default     = "B_Standard_B1ms"
}

variable "database_name" {
  description = "Base de datos de la aplicación."
  type        = string
  default     = "app"
}

variable "entra_admin" {
  description = "Administrador Entra de PostgreSQL (recomendado: un grupo). Es quien ejecuta el SQL que crea el rol de la app."
  type = object({
    object_id      = string
    principal_name = string
    principal_type = string
  })

  validation {
    condition     = contains(["Group", "User", "ServicePrincipal"], var.entra_admin.principal_type)
    error_message = "principal_type: Group, User o ServicePrincipal."
  }
}

variable "container_image" {
  description = "Imagen de la API."
  type        = string
  default     = "mcr.microsoft.com/k8se/quickstart:latest"
}

variable "container_port" {
  description = "Puerto en el que escucha la API."
  type        = number
  default     = 80
}

variable "vnet_address_space" {
  description = "Espacio de direcciones de la VNet."
  type        = string
  default     = "10.40.0.0/16"
}

variable "aca_subnet_prefix" {
  description = "Subnet dedicada al environment (mínimo /27 con workload profiles; no se puede agrandar después)."
  type        = string
  default     = "10.40.0.0/24"
}

variable "endpoints_subnet_prefix" {
  description = "Subnet para Private Endpoints."
  type        = string
  default     = "10.40.1.0/24"
}

variable "max_replicas" {
  description = "Máximo de réplicas de la API."
  type        = number
  default     = 10
}

variable "tags" {
  description = "Tags aplicados a todos los recursos."
  type        = map(string)
  default     = {}
}

output "api_fqdn" {
  description = "FQDN interno de la API (resuelve vía la zona DNS privada del environment)."
  value       = azurerm_container_app.api.ingress[0].fqdn
}

output "postgres_fqdn" {
  description = "FQDN del servidor PostgreSQL (resuelve a la IP del Private Endpoint desde la VNet)."
  value       = azurerm_postgresql_flexible_server.this.fqdn
}

output "app_role_sql" {
  description = "SQL que un admin Entra tiene que ejecutar para crear el rol de la app con permisos mínimos (gotcha: pg-entra-app-role-needs-sql)."
  value       = <<-SQL
    -- Conectado a la base 'postgres' como administrador Entra:
    SELECT * FROM pgaadauth_create_principal('${azurerm_user_assigned_identity.api.name}', false, false);
    -- Conectado a la base '${var.database_name}':
    GRANT CONNECT ON DATABASE "${var.database_name}" TO "${azurerm_user_assigned_identity.api.name}";
    GRANT USAGE ON SCHEMA public TO "${azurerm_user_assigned_identity.api.name}";
    GRANT SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE ON ALL TABLES IN SCHEMA public TO "${azurerm_user_assigned_identity.api.name}";
  SQL
}

terraform {
  required_version = ">= 1.7.0"

  required_providers {
    azurerm = {
      source  = "hashicorp/azurerm"
      version = "~> 5.8"
    }
  }
}

provider "azurerm" {
  features {}

  # Con shared_access_key_enabled = false el provider tiene que usar Entra ID
  # para las llamadas de data plane (gotcha: shared-key-needs-azuread-provider).
  storage_use_azuread = true

  # subscription_id se toma de ARM_SUBSCRIPTION_ID.
}

# Web API privada Zero Trust — GCP
#
# Cloud Run con ingress interno e IAM invoker, saliendo por Direct VPC egress
# hacia Cloud SQL for PostgreSQL con IP privada (PSA) y autenticación IAM.

# --- Red ----------------------------------------------------------------------

resource "google_compute_network" "this" {
  name                    = "vpc-${var.name}"
  auto_create_subnetworks = false
}

resource "google_compute_firewall" "deny_all_ingress" {
  name      = "fw-${var.name}-deny-all-ingress"
  network   = google_compute_network.this.id
  direction = "INGRESS"
  priority  = 65534

  deny {
    protocol = "all"
  }

  source_ranges = ["0.0.0.0/0"]
}

resource "google_compute_subnetwork" "run" {
  name                     = "snet-${var.name}-run"
  region                   = var.region
  network                  = google_compute_network.this.id
  ip_cidr_range            = var.subnet_cidr
  private_ip_google_access = true

  log_config {
    aggregation_interval = "INTERVAL_10_MIN"
    flow_sampling        = 0.5
    metadata             = "INCLUDE_ALL_METADATA"
  }
}

# Private services access: peering hacia la red de Google (gotcha: psa-peering-not-transitive).
resource "google_compute_global_address" "psa" {
  name          = "psa-${var.name}"
  purpose       = "VPC_PEERING"
  address_type  = "INTERNAL"
  prefix_length = var.psa_prefix_length
  network       = google_compute_network.this.id
}

resource "google_service_networking_connection" "psa" {
  network                 = google_compute_network.this.id
  service                 = "servicenetworking.googleapis.com"
  reserved_peering_ranges = [google_compute_global_address.psa.name]
}

# --- Cloud SQL (solo IP privada, IAM auth, connectors obligatorios) -----------

resource "google_sql_database_instance" "this" {
  #checkov:skip=CKV_GCP_110:pgAudit agrega volumen y costo de logs; habilitar si hay requisito de auditoría.
  #checkov:skip=CKV_GCP_79:Major version alineada entre las tres nubes del patrón (PostgreSQL 17); se sube en conjunto.
  #checkov:skip=CKV2_GCP_13:log_duration en todas las sentencias es ruidoso; se usa log_min_duration_statement.
  name                = "pg-${var.name}"
  region              = var.region
  database_version    = "POSTGRES_17"
  deletion_protection = var.deletion_protection

  settings {
    edition           = "ENTERPRISE"
    tier              = var.db_tier
    availability_type = "ZONAL"

    # Solo connectors (Auth Proxy / Language Connectors) — gotcha: connector-enforcement.
    connector_enforcement = "REQUIRED"

    ip_configuration {
      ipv4_enabled    = false
      private_network = google_compute_network.this.id
      # Los connectors usan mTLS con certificados efímeros, así que se puede exigir
      # certificado de cliente sin distribuir certificados a mano.
      ssl_mode = "TRUSTED_CLIENT_CERTIFICATE_REQUIRED"
    }

    backup_configuration {
      enabled                        = true
      point_in_time_recovery_enabled = true
    }

    database_flags {
      name  = "cloudsql.iam_authentication"
      value = "on"
    }
    database_flags {
      name  = "log_connections"
      value = "on"
    }
    database_flags {
      name  = "log_disconnections"
      value = "on"
    }
    database_flags {
      name  = "log_checkpoints"
      value = "on"
    }
    database_flags {
      name  = "log_lock_waits"
      value = "on"
    }
    database_flags {
      name  = "log_temp_files"
      value = "0"
    }
    database_flags {
      name  = "log_min_duration_statement"
      value = "-1"
    }
    database_flags {
      name  = "log_hostname"
      value = "on"
    }
    database_flags {
      name  = "log_min_messages"
      value = "error"
    }
    database_flags {
      name  = "log_min_error_statement"
      value = "error"
    }
    database_flags {
      name  = "log_statement"
      value = "ddl"
    }

    user_labels = var.labels
  }

  depends_on = [google_service_networking_connection.psa]
}

resource "google_sql_database" "app" {
  name     = var.database_name
  instance = google_sql_database_instance.this.name
}

# --- Identidad de la API --------------------------------------------------------

resource "google_service_account" "api" {
  account_id   = "${var.name}-api"
  display_name = "API privada (${var.name})"
}

resource "google_project_iam_member" "api" {
  for_each = toset(["roles/cloudsql.client", "roles/cloudsql.instanceUser"])
  project  = var.project_id
  role     = each.value
  member   = google_service_account.api.member
}

# Login IAM creado por API, sin SQL. El nombre va SIN ".gserviceaccount.com"
# (gotchas: iam-sa-username-trim, iam-user-created-by-api).
resource "google_sql_user" "api" {
  name     = trimsuffix(google_service_account.api.email, ".gserviceaccount.com")
  instance = google_sql_database_instance.this.name
  type     = "CLOUD_IAM_SERVICE_ACCOUNT"
}

# --- Cloud Run (ingress interno + IAM invoker) --------------------------------

resource "google_cloud_run_v2_service" "api" {
  name                = "${var.name}-api"
  location            = var.region
  ingress             = "INGRESS_TRAFFIC_INTERNAL_ONLY"
  deletion_protection = var.deletion_protection
  labels              = var.labels

  template {
    service_account = google_service_account.api.email

    scaling {
      min_instance_count = 0
      max_instance_count = var.max_instances
    }

    vpc_access {
      egress = "PRIVATE_RANGES_ONLY"
      network_interfaces {
        network    = google_compute_network.this.id
        subnetwork = google_compute_subnetwork.run.id
      }
    }

    containers {
      image = var.container_image

      ports {
        container_port = var.container_port
      }

      # La app usa el Cloud SQL Language Connector con IAM auth automática:
      # no hay contraseña ni token manual.
      env {
        name  = "INSTANCE_CONNECTION_NAME"
        value = google_sql_database_instance.this.connection_name
      }
      env {
        name  = "DB_IAM_USER"
        value = google_sql_user.api.name
      }
      env {
        name  = "DB_NAME"
        value = var.database_name
      }
      env {
        name  = "DB_IP_TYPE"
        value = "PRIVATE"
      }
    }
  }
}

# Sin allUsers: cada caller necesita roles/run.invoker (validado en la variable).
resource "google_cloud_run_v2_service_iam_member" "invoker" {
  for_each = var.invoker_members
  name     = google_cloud_run_v2_service.api.name
  location = google_cloud_run_v2_service.api.location
  role     = "roles/run.invoker"
  member   = each.value
}

variable "project_id" {
  description = "ID del proyecto de GCP."
  type        = string
}

variable "name" {
  description = "Prefijo para nombrar los recursos (ej. \"api-demo\")."
  type        = string

  validation {
    condition     = can(regex("^[a-z][a-z0-9-]{2,19}$", var.name))
    error_message = "name: 3-20 caracteres, empieza con letra, minúsculas, números o guiones."
  }
}

variable "region" {
  description = "Región de GCP."
  type        = string
  default     = "us-central1"
}

variable "subnet_cidr" {
  description = "CIDR de la subnet usada por Direct VPC egress."
  type        = string
  default     = "10.60.0.0/24"
}

variable "psa_prefix_length" {
  description = "Tamaño del rango reservado para private services access (Cloud SQL)."
  type        = number
  default     = 20
}

variable "container_image" {
  description = "Imagen de la API (Artifact Registry)."
  type        = string
}

variable "container_port" {
  description = "Puerto en el que escucha la API."
  type        = number
  default     = 8080
}

variable "max_instances" {
  description = "Máximo de instancias de Cloud Run."
  type        = number
  default     = 10
}

variable "invoker_members" {
  description = "Principals con roles/run.invoker (ej. \"serviceAccount:caller@proyecto.iam.gserviceaccount.com\"). Gotcha: run-internal-is-not-auth."
  type        = set(string)
  default     = []

  validation {
    condition     = alltrue([for m in var.invoker_members : !contains(["allUsers", "allAuthenticatedUsers"], m)])
    error_message = "Una API privada no puede ser invocable por allUsers ni allAuthenticatedUsers."
  }
}

variable "db_tier" {
  description = "Tier de Cloud SQL (edición Enterprise)."
  type        = string
  default     = "db-custom-1-3840"
}

variable "database_name" {
  description = "Base de datos de la aplicación."
  type        = string
  default     = "app"
}

variable "deletion_protection" {
  description = "Protección contra borrado de Cloud SQL y Cloud Run."
  type        = bool
  default     = true
}

variable "labels" {
  description = "Labels aplicados a los recursos que los soportan."
  type        = map(string)
  default     = {}
}

output "service_uri" {
  description = "URL run.app del servicio (solo alcanzable con ingress interno + ID token)."
  value       = google_cloud_run_v2_service.api.uri
}

output "instance_connection_name" {
  description = "Connection name de Cloud SQL para el connector."
  value       = google_sql_database_instance.this.connection_name
}

output "db_iam_user" {
  description = "Usuario de base de la Service Account (sin .gserviceaccount.com)."
  value       = google_sql_user.api.name
}

output "app_grants_sql" {
  description = "Permisos sobre tablas: siguen siendo SQL (gotcha: iam-user-created-by-api)."
  value       = <<-SQL
    -- Conectado a la base '${var.database_name}' como un usuario con privilegios:
    GRANT USAGE ON SCHEMA public TO "${google_sql_user.api.name}";
    GRANT SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE ON ALL TABLES IN SCHEMA public TO "${google_sql_user.api.name}";
  SQL
}

terraform {
  required_version = ">= 1.7.0"

  required_providers {
    google = {
      source  = "hashicorp/google"
      version = "~> 8.6"
    }
  }
}

provider "google" {
  project = var.project_id
  region  = var.region
}